In the pre-contact world of Migmagi, oral and archeological history tells of seasonally patterned habitation and resource harvesting spring and summer spent on the coast, fall and winter inland. Contemporary Mikmaq communities are located predominantly in Nova Scotia and Joseph Mius II There is no central headquarters for the entire Micmac Tribe. Our team will be reviewing your submission and get back to you with any further questions. Louis Leon Muise 10. The beginnings of the Newfoundland Mi'Kmaq movement in the 1970s may have been well intentioned by the people who initiated it, people such as Chiefs White and Young, but in the last 10 years it has degenerated into a money grab for those who can access it through a reach of ancestry. with animal skins and sinews. Adding to this cultural, generational and economic Mikmaw Camp. Indian Baby. mi kmaq family names in newfoundland aetna dental ppo fee schedule 2022 pdf mi kmaq family names in newfoundland barstool sports sling promo mi kmaq family names in newfoundland. [8], Recognition for the remainder of Newfoundland's Mi'kmaq was a much longer process. In April 2019, a video of Cape Breton Mikmaq teenager Emma Stevens singing Blackbird smaknisk) served with the Canadian Expeditionary Force (CEF) in the First World War. They settled along all principal rivers in this province, including the Avon and its tributaries. [17][18][12][13] In 2017, only 18,044 were eligible for membership. The English and other Europeans had little knowledge of the interior and relied on the Mi'kmaq as guides[citation needed]. A band chief soon after put Mr. Cormier in touch with a fellow Prosper named Joanne, who had traced her familys Mikmaw lineage all the way back to a man named Jean The Mikmaq Cemetery (Borden # DeAn-08) is located on Stephens Road in the Town of Gambo, NL. In 1763, after France was defeated by Britain in the Seven Years' War, it ceded all its land east of the Mississippi River to Great Britain, including the Mi'kmaq's traditional land. To provide context, it is believed John Michael may have been Captain Jock Mitchell, the grandfather of Newfoundlands most famous Mikmaq man Mattie Mitchell and father of Bay of Islands ancestor Mary (Mitchell) Brake. Despite the pacifist lobbying of organizations like the Bay of Fundy Inshore Fishermens Association among their own members, some non-Indigenous fishermen destroyed Mikmaq traps and other equipment. After the band was approved as a First Nation, 100,000 people applied for membership and a total of 23,000 were approved. "[23] Since then, representatives of the Mi'kmaq Grand Council have visited Newfoundland to meet with the Qalipu Chief and Council, and community members acknowledging the extended Mi'kmaq family in Newfoundland. Check out the Relationships tool. Mikmaq share close ties with other local peoples, including the Maliseet and Passamaquoddy. Last Name Email Address * Donation Total: $20.00 Mikmaq First Nations Assembly of Newfoundland is a not-for-profit provincial organization is to be a single voice to promote and staff.usainteanne.ca. Maurice Lewis came to Miawipukek originally from Cape Breton in 1815.6 When he left Miawpukek Jerrold hung the medal on the statue of St. Anne near the Catholic Church.7 The priest, St. Croix, who deposed Chief Noel Jeddore in 1924 "was also responsible for dismantling traditional governing structures in the community. The Mikmaq were largely allied with French colonial forces, which had established settlements across Acadia until the 18th century. From the Micmac News, September, 1985, page 30, in an article on the North Sydney Holy Cross Cemetary, the following Mi'kmaq names are listed: Bernard, Angus Born-1923 Died-October 19, 1923 Age-6 months Place of Birth-North Sydney. [citation needed], In 1972 activists formed the Native Association of Newfoundland and Labrador as the main organization representing the Mi'kmaq, Innu and Inuit peoples of Newfoundland and Labrador. Mikmaq these rights. history tells of a Mikmaq womans ancient premonition that people would arrive in Migmagi on floating islands, and a legendary spirit who travelled across the ocean to find blue-eyed people. The foretelling of the arrival of Europeans meant Mikmaq An Agreement-in-principle was reached in 2006, which the FNI accepted in 2007. of George & Jane HARVEY (Town of Isle aux Morts) * Hatcher Families Genealogy Association * Herridge-Nurse Family History (Matthews, Garnier, Strickland, etc.) They translated the song into Mikmaq Native American. In addition, Mikmaq soldier Corporal Samuel Leave a comment, Main Index:First Peoples [Canadian CensusExtracts], Main Index:First Peoples [Canadian Marriage Extracts], Main Index: Early French Canadian Pioneers, Index: A Portrait Gallery of Traditional Quebec Life, Main Index:Quebec & New Brunswick Cemeteries, Index: The Dene in Canadian CensusRecords, Native/First Peoples/Metis Surnames| Census Extracts. There have been people living here for more than 11,000 years! For this reason, protected the people. Main Index: Native/First Peoples/Metis Surnames| Census Extracts, This is a FINDING AIDE where I place links to Canadian settler records that recorded individuals that are now recognized (and self identify) as Dene. In 1987, the Miawpukek Mi'kmaq First Nation was recognized under the Indian Act, and their community of Conne River was classified as reserved land for the Mi'kmaq. After the Beothuk people declined in the 1800s, the Mi'kmaq no longer shared Newfoundland's interior with anyone. Project Statistics. Numerous Europeans came to hunt the caribou herds, causing a sharp decline in the species population. took off around the world, receiving high praise from public figures, including the original songwriter, Sir Paul McCartney, as well as a tweet from the prime minister of Canada, Want to know how you are related to anybody ? Addendum. Leadership, based on prestige rather than power, was largely concerned with The main Mikmaq family lines on the Port au Port Peninsula (Payun Aqq Payunji'j) today include Benoit, Lainey, Hinks, Jesso, Young and Marche. They also used the bountiful timber of the region to construct canoes, snowshoes and shelters, usually in combination The Mikmaq, once known as Micmacs, have a long history in Newfoundland. The group's attempts to obtain status under the Indian Act were fruitless, and led to a Federal Court action in 1989, in which the FNI sought a declaration that its members were Indians within the meaning of the 1867 Constitution Act. During the visit Grand Keptin Antle Denny, spokesperson for the Grand Council, said, "We were happy to visit and meet some of our relations, visit communities and acknowledge our extended Mikmaq family. The Mikmaq have called on the federal government, which is responsible for fisheries, to provide clear guidance on what a moderate livelihood involves. Western Genealogical and Historical Association of Newfoundland and Labrador. When the Mi'kmaq first encountered Europeans in the 16th and 17th centuries, their territory stretched from the southern portions of the Gasp Peninsula eastward to most of modern-day New Brunswick, and all of Nova Scotia and Prince Edward Island. Analysis of the Mikmaq language enhances the fundamental importance of this worldview. The Registered Indian population in Nova Scotia is represented through a series of 13 band councils and two tribal councils, the Confederacy of Mainland Mi'kmaq and the Union of Nova Scotia Indians. Continue reading , October 21, 2018 As with many Indigenous peoples in Canada, the Mikmaq are strongly affected by the lasting trauma of residential schools. The surnames in these pages are taken from the Births, Deaths and Marriages in Newfoundland Newspapers, 1810 - 1890 CD which contains more than 40,000 entries for births, deaths and The only dictionary of surnames in Canada. Qalipu Mikmaq First Nation, which includes Mikmaq from all across Newfoundland, stands to become the largest First Nation band in Canada with more than The only dictionary of surnames in Canada. The Government of Canada had expected band membership to be similar to the membership of the Federation of Newfoundland Indians, around 5,000 people. Children were to be strapped if they reverted to Micmac, and he banned the use of Micmac in church. My experience is that a lot more people claim Native American ancestry than actually have it. effective management of the fishing and hunting economy. Election: Councillor: Charlene CombdonElection (by-election): Minister of Aboriginal Affairs and Northern Development Canada, "Qalipu First Nation members vote in record numbers, re-electing Brendan Mitchell as chief", "Qalipu Becomes Member of the Assembly of First Nations", "The History of the Newfoundland Mi'kmaq", "Who belongs in Canada's newest and possibly largest First Nation? In the 1860s, the British hired some Mi'kmaq men to deliver the mail overland through a network of trails reaching the northern communities. Western Genealogical and Historical Association of Newfoundland and Labrador. This band is a landless band based on the island of Newfoundland. "42, When the first regular priest Father Stanislaus St. Croix arrived in 1916 he wanted the Mi'kmaq to join his parish in St. Albans instead of holding services in their own church. Mikmaki. Thanks for contributing to The Canadian Encyclopedia. [12][13] The rest of the outstanding applications were put in indefinite storage. Mi'kmaq and their ancestors, Sagiwek Lnuk (Ancient Ones), are the founding people of Nova Scotia and have been here for over 13,500 years. Mikmaq participated in the fur trade by serving as intermediaries between Europeans and groups farther west, as fur-bearing animals quickly became scarce in the face of high demand. These were known as the Peace and Friendship Treaties. August 13, 2008. The Mi'kmaq Grand Council is the traditional and spiritual government for the Mi'kmaw nation. Did you know? The Qalipu First Nation (Pronounced: ha-lee-boo, meaning: Caribou),[2] is a Mikmaq band government, created by order-in-council in 2011 pursuant to the Agreement for the Recognition of the Qalipu Mikmaq Band. [11] This put the enrolment process to a halt and a supplemental agreement between the Federation of Newfoundland Indians and Canada was formed in 2013. on Mikmaq spirituality and culture. QC | Bonaventure Mann | Mi'kmaq (1921) Index: Native Surname Census Extracts. Sugapunegati (Sipeknikatik), Epegwitg aq Pigtug (Epekwitk aq Piktuk), Gespugwitg (Kespukwitk), Signigtewagi (Siknikt) and Gespegewagi (Kespek). Mi'kmaq have argued[citation needed] that in addition, a group of Mi'kmaq lived on the island for hundreds of years. The decision sparked what is known as the Burnt Church Crisis, where tensions reached a boiling point between Mikmaq and non-Indigenous fishermen, who argued that unchecked harvesting in the lobster fishery would lead to devastation of stocks. Aboriginal and Intergovernmental Relations. situation threatened to devolve into violence. [27] In 2021, a referendum passed changing terms of office to four years starting in 2024. Mikmaq has a history of pictographs being used, but this writing system was modified by missionaries learning the language to teach Catholicism in the 1600s. Many Git commands accept both tag and branch names, so creating this branch may cause unexpected behavior. The provincial government supported the FNI. Newfoundland And Labrador. | Canadian Native Surnames, Mi'kmaq Micmac Mi'gmaq Surnames, New Brunswick Mi'kmaq, Wabanaki Confederacy Surnames | (See also Religion and Spirituality of Indigenous Peoples in Canada). Impacts of non-Indigenous activities on the Mi'kmaq. Mikmaq peoples, who had readily adapted to European trade goods, were likewise receptive to religious practices. Despite facing discrimination in Canada and a lack of civil rights (Mikmaq and other Indigenous peoples were not granted the right to vote until 1960), more than 200 Mikmaq Alternative names for the Micmac, which can be found in historical sources, include Gaspesians, Souriquois, (Migmak, allies; Nigmak, our allies.Hewitt). Mikmaw Camp. After years of voicing their concern, in 1972 a group of Newfoundland Mikmaq formed the Federation of Newfoundland Indians (FNI). Registration date 25 June 1726. Mi'kmaq (Mi'kmaw, Micmac or L'nu, "the people" in Mi'kmaq) are Indigenous peoples who are among the original inhabitants in the Atlantic Provinces of Canada. They disputed the authority of the federal government to determine who qualifies as Mikmaq. issn 0316-5981 , Micmac Migration to Western Newfoundland , {{cite book |last1=Jackson |first1=Doug |first2=Gerald |last2=Penney |date=1993 |title=On the Country |series=The Micmac of Newfoundland |publisher=Harry Cuff Publications |location=St. They sell their fur locally where they make their small family purchases." [21], In 2013, Chiefs Terrance Paul and Gerard Julian, co-chairs of the Assembly of Nova Scotia Chiefs, sent a joint letter to the Minister of Aboriginal Affairs and Northern Development Canada. While the National Household Survey asks speakers to self-report an understanding of a language, linguists measure health of a language by the number of fluent speakers. | Canadian Native Surnames, Mi'kmaq Micmac Mi'gmaq Surnames, Quebec Mi'kmaq, Wabanaki Confederacy Surnames | Contribute to chinapedia/wikipedia.en development by creating an account on GitHub. Last Name Email Address * Donation Total: $20.00 Mikmaq First Nations Assembly of Newfoundland is a not-for-profit provincial organization is to be a single voice to promote and develop the awareness of the MiKmaq of Newfoundland. upon reserve lands. In total, there are 16,245 registered Indians in Nova Scotia and of these, 5,877 live off-reserve (Source: Aboriginal Affairs and Northern Development Canada (AANDC) Indian Registry System as of December 31, 2014). Indigenous Languages in Canada). This area was divided into seven smaller territories across what was known as Mi'kma'ki. Browne, D.D Ph. The Nova Scotia Native Women's Association provides Aboriginal women with a voice in the social, cultural and economic development of the Aboriginal community. were prepared when they first encountered fishermen off their shores. Ever since 1 October 1986, Treaty Day in Nova Scotia and some other parts of Atlantic Canada has commemorated the signing and significance of the Peace and Friendship Treaties. mi kmaq family names in newfoundlandtypes of easements in florida. However, these numbers may The Mi'kmaq language, one of the Algonkian family of languages, is rich and descriptive. Nova Scotia has 13 Mi'kmaq First Nations with community populations ranging from 283 in the Annapolis Valley First Nation to 4,314 in the Eskasoni First Nation. "4041 "These acts together with other forces of change (including the opening of the interior of the island and increased intermarriage with Europeans) left only three fluent speakers of Mikmaq in the community by the mid-1980s. relation stemming from the treaties of the 1700s, and that the Mikmaq have Indigenous rights to the lands described in those treaties. Mikmaq people have occupied their traditional territory, Migmagi, since time immemorial. "18 Prior to the early nineteenth century Mi'kmaq lived a nomadic life moving in cycles and seasons between Newfoundland and Cape Breton. Continue reading , February 11, 2023 Native American. In 1999, the Supreme Court of Canada affirmed the rights of Donald Marshall, Jr., Newfoundland, however, was still sparsely populated, and most Europeans lived on the eastern portion of the island and only in small isolated coastal settlements. The genealogy and history of the Mi'kmaq Tribe can establish the lineages of our earliest known ancestors of the Mi'kmaq Tribe, family pedigrees, and our kinship relationship to other Turtle Island Tribes and foreign monarchies and traders. lumber work integrated the Mikmaq into the 19th- and 20th-century economy, but left them socially isolated. Impacts of non-Indigenous activities on the Mi'kmaq. With the Maliseet, Passamaquoddy, Penobscot and Abenaki peoples, the Mikmaq make up the Wabanaki Confederacy, a confederation of nations politically active at least from contact with Europeans to the present. McAlpine's Directory of 1894 1898 of the area lists occupants with the surnames of Deman (Damois), Jesso, Tourout, Simon, Benoit, Young, Lainey, Carter, Paria (Porrier), Renouf, and Chesson (Chaisson). They originally crossed from Cape Breton and settled in St. Georges Bay, from where they travelled the island hunting and tending extensive trap lines. The Great Spirit is the creator of the world and all its inhabitants, a concept that was not destroyed 1900 - Mi'kmaq family in South West Nova Scotia. "34, According to Noel Jeddore's son, Peter Jeddore (May 9, 1892 May 18, 1970), his father was exiled because of a misunderstanding with the Catholic priest, Father Stanislaus (Stanley) St. Croix, who arrived in 1916 and was based in St. Alban's as parish priest and school administrator and priest.35 Ethnographer Doug Jackson - who "began research in [Miaswpukek] in 1976 and lived there until 1981" - 36 observed that St. Croix - who forbid the use of traditional language in the church and in the school, was the primary force behind the acceleration of the loss of the Mi'kmaw language in the early twentieth century. The video [7], In 2003, Minister Andy Scott was presented with a report that recommended a First Nations band without any reserved land to represent the Mi'kmaq of Newfoundland. D., Department of History, Catholic University of America, 1406 Lawrence St., Brooklyn, USA , Miapukek First Nation: Indian Act: We Got In, We Could Get Out , Anger, Dorothy. Louis Leon Muise 10. According to the 2016 Census, 8,870 people are listed as speaking Mikmaq. During the colonial period, when the French and British competed for claims to land in North America, the Mi'kmaq became allied with France with whom they traded. Contemporary Mikmaq communities are located predominantly in Nova Scotia and New Brunswick, but with a significant presence in Quebec, Newfoundland, Maine and the Boston area. THE MIKMAQ PRESENCE IN HALLS BAY. Ongoing tensions over lobster fishing between non-Indigenous and Sipeknekatik (Mikmaq) fishers escalated in October 2020. Mikmaw Kinamatnewey is responsible for on-reserve schools and education, while the Mikmaq Employment & Training Secretariat provides support for training and employment for Mikmaq clients across the province. Additionally, Mikmaq oral The 2018 Band list included 18,575 members. Protesters erected blockades on Highway 11 and several organizers were arrested. Wabanaki. On 7 April 2022, the Government of Nova Scotia introduced the Unity is the Mikmaq way.[24], The Mi'kmaq Rights Initiative assert that the Qalipu were created as an entity by the federal government, and they do not consider them as part of the broader Mi'kmaq nation. Overview. As a result, when the French were defeated by the British in 1763, the Mi'kmaq in Newfoundland were regarded with suspicion by British authorities. In 1822, explorer William Cormack traversed Newfoundland's interior from Trinity Bay to St. George's Bay. Ottawa scrambles to renegotiate 2008 deal after 100,000 people register as Mi'kmaq to receive benefits under agreement with Federation of Newfoundland Indian I'd counsel a combination of DNA testing, careful family tree work, and a very healthy scepticism of family history. St. Croix's ban on language" were "the primary reasons for the decline of Mi'kmaw language in the area39 and by the 1980s the language had largely disappeared. In Ktaqmkuk, Mikmaq intermarried with French settlers and lived primarily along the south and southwest coasts, eventually expanding into Beothuk territory as the number of the islands earlier inhabitants dwindled. Micmac Indians, Mikmaq First Nation. Do you know who your second cousins are? Other dedicated Aboriginal organizations operating in Nova Scotia include: Mikmaq Family and Childrens Services, the Mikmaw Legal Support Network, the Mikmaq Association for Cultural Studies, the Mikmaw Economic Benefits Office and the Unamaki Institute of Natural Resources. 26 p.242 Register. "1415, Miawpukek was a summer camp until Jeannot Pequidalouet - the eastern Mi'kmaq chief of Cape Breton, who had previously overwintered in Newfoundland - began to create a permanent settlement in Miawpukek from in the 1760s. to bring awareness to the consequences of the endangerment of Indigenous languages during the UNs International Year of Indigenous Languages, 2019. As chief, Noel Jeddore was given guardianship of the gold medal first given to the previous district Chief Maurice Lewis by the Grand Council. MacGregor explained that the Chieftainship was "not hereditary, but is conferred, when a vacancy occurs, on the man the people prefer. fujifilm x a2 x a2 x a2s1650ii 20210608013415 02021! During that time, and after conflicts with Britain, the Mikmaq signed treaties in 1726, 1749, 1752 and 176061, followed by two treaties to secure alliances during the American Revolution. Double consonants or eliminate double consonants. These census posts are part of a larger project to identify the surnames that have appeared among Indigenous, Metis and Mixed-heritage people over the past few hundred years across what is now Canada. It has been said that the Concordat of 1610 a formal agreement between the Mikmaq and the Vatican marked by the creation of a treaty wampum combined trade, treaty and religion Mikmaq History. 2. mi kmaq family names in newfoundland. At the time of European contact, the Mi'kmaq people inhabited Mikmaki, which covered modern-day Nova Scotia, Prince Edward Island, northeastern New Brunswick, and the Gasp Peninsula. the night of 17 October. intermingling of customs. Byrne, Chaffey, Fahey, Fizzard, Fudge, Grouchy, Hynes, Inkpen, Lyver, McLaughlin, Miles, Murphy, Puddester, Quirk -- the names themselves are evocative of Newfoundland. Mikmaw Camp. The moves, undertaken for the sole purpose of streamlining government administration were fraught with mismanagement and The Mi'kmaq are the founding people of Nova Scotia and remain the predominant Aboriginal group within the province. "4344 During an impassioned community meeting in 1923 Noel Jeddore said that "if we stopped speaking Mikmaq in the church, there would be murder in our hearts." . [6] After the Labrador Innu and Inuit left the Association in 1975, the organization was renamed as the Federation of Newfoundland Indians. Tribal Headquarters. They began to prepare for a legal action regarding the enrollment process should lobbying fail. Anne Mius 6. Starting in the 1920s, global fur prices began to decline as well, and some Mi'kmaq left trapping to work for Europeans as loggers. and Labrador was significantly lower; in that year, the federal government recognized the status of more than 23,000 Mikmaq people, who formed the Qalipu Mikmaq First Nation. This fundamentally altered the lifestyle of the Mikmaq, who focused on trapping and trading furs rather than subsistence hunting and gathering. Mikmaq is among the Wabanaki cluster of Eastern Algonquian languages, which include the various Abenaki dialects, and the Penobscot and Maliseet-Passamaquoddy languages. a commercial fishery. Mi'kmaq. Larry Arthur Muise Marie Philippe II Line B 1. Mikmaq is written alphabetically. Mikmaq had as many as 17 different dialects, including the unique Qubec dialect Restigouche, but linguistic contact with French and Colonial myths once claimed the French brought Mikmaq to Newfoundland from Nova Scotia to help kill off the Beothuk. mi kmaq family names in newfoundland. New Brunswick, but with a significant presence in Quebec, Newfoundland, The Mikmaq (also Mi'gmaq, Lnu, Mikmaw or Migmaw; English: / m m /; Mikmaq: ) are a First Nations people of the Northeastern Woodlands, indigenous to the areas of Canada's Atlantic Provinces and the Gasp Peninsula of Quebec as well as the northeastern region of Maine.They call their national territory Mikmaki (or Migmagi). Ottawa scrambles to renegotiate 2008 deal after 100,000 people register as Mi'kmaq to receive benefits under agreement with Federation of Newfoundland Indian. THE MIKMAQ PRESENCE IN HALLS BAY. Glode was awarded the Distinguished Conduct Medal (DCM) for disarming 450 land mines and bombs in 1918, saving many Canadian lives. Communities were related by alliance and kinship. Louis Mius de SAR 5. All but two communities (the Qalipu Mikmaq First Nation and La Nation Micmac de Gespeg in Fontenelle, Qubec) possess reserve lands. St. Croix wanted the Mi'kmaq to stop saying their prayers - particularly in the church - in Mi'kmaq as he thought it "mocked God. This commit does not belong to any branch on this repository, and may belong to a fork outside of the repository. things came to be and how to live a good life. It has single- and double-letter constants as well as five vowels that make both long and short sounds. Mikmaq spirituality is influenced by and closely connected to the natural world. In July 2022, the Mi'kmaq language was recognized as the first language of Nova Scotia. Some historians As a direct result, the Mikmaq First Nations Assembly of Newfoundland Inc. (also known as MFNAN) was incorporated on May 23, 2013 as a newly formed group which originated initially It's a starting point to Newfoundland's unique background and way of life in North American history. Larry Arthur Muise Marie Philippe II Line B 1. This article is converted from Wikipedia: Noel Jeddore. About us. The Mi'kmaq called themselves L'nu'k, meaning "the people." Qalipu Mikmaq First Nation, which includes Mikmaq from all across Newfoundland, stands to become the largest First Nation band in Canada with more than 104,000 applicants for membership since 2008. From here we can piece the family together, with the following evidence: 1. The Chegau family has kinship relationships to many other The Mi'kmaq called themselves L'nu'k, meaning "the people." These Mi'kmaq acted as middlemen in the exchange of European goods for furs. Before Us. The Metepenagiag Mi'kmaq Nation. Today, the chief, captains and wampum readers still run the council, though their roles have been curtailed by the federal government to focus primarily Marie 2. Add or drop an 's' especially near or at McAlpine's Directory of 1894 1898 of the area lists occupants with the surnames of Deman (Damois), Jesso, Tourout, Simon, Benoit, Young, Lainey, Carter, Paria (Porrier), Renouf, and Chesson (Chaisson). My thanks to Fran Wilcox for her patience and deligence in extracting all of the Mi'kmaw marriages from the online parish registers of St. Jean-Baptiste, Port-Royal and for her The nation has a Addendum. Glode (Gloade) was highly decorated for bravery on the Western Front. They said that, while the government of Canada may have jurisdiction over who is an Indian, they do not have the constitutional right to determine who is a Mikmaw. It's a starting point to Newfoundland's unique background and way of life in North American history. Local Mi'kmaq Families In the Bay St George there are many Mi'kmaq family lines that include: Agathe, Alexander, Aucoin, Barry, Benoit, Benwah, or Bennett, Bernard, Blanchard, Chaisson or Chiasson, Companion, Cormier, Damois or Dannois; Doucet, Duffenias or Duffney, Gabriel, Gallant, Gaudet, Gaudon, Jeddore, Joe, Red Bank, New Brunswick Canada. From here we can piece the family together, with the following evidence: 1. Mikmaq culture and traditional religion is based on legendary figures like Glooscap (also written Kluscap) who is said to have formed the Annapolis Valley by sleeping on the land and using Prince Edward Island as his pillow. This traditional territory is known as Migmagi (Mikmaki) and is made up of seven districts: Unamagi (Unamakik), Esgegewagi (Eskikewakik),